How to Analyze Product Profitability

A practical guide to analyzing product profitability: what to measure, how to interpret margins and break-even, and how to decide which products to promote, discount, or drop.

Not every product earns its keep. Analyzing product profitability helps you focus inventory, pricing, and marketing on what actually makes money. Here’s a simple process and a free profitability tool to do it.

1. Include All Costs

True profitability is revenue minus all costs: cost of goods sold (COGS), shipping, fulfillment (pick, pack, ship), and returns. Leaving any of these out overstates profit and can lead to promoting loss-making products.

2. Calculate Net Profit and Margin

For each product, compute net profit per unit (revenue − all costs) and margin % (net profit ÷ revenue × 100). Compare across your catalog to spot high-margin winners and low-margin or negative-margin losers.

3. Use Break-Even as a Floor

Break-even is the volume at which total revenue equals total cost. Products that barely break even at normal volume are risky; a dip in demand or a cost increase can push them into the red. Use break-even to decide minimum order quantities and discount limits.

4. Act on the Results

High-margin products: promote more, consider price increases, bundle with slower movers. Low-margin or loss-making products: cut costs, raise prices, improve quality, or discontinue. Our Product Profitability Analyzer does the math for you; for more profitability tools (LTV, pricing, etc.), see the tools hub.